Search results for query: Hołda

1. The effect of the changes in accounting estimates of the discount rate to the costs on account of creating provisions
   

   Author: Anna Staszel, Artur Hołda

   See Issue Contents: fins.2019.1

   Abstract:

   The aim of the study is to answer the question of how a slight change in the actuarial assumptions (regarding the discount rate used) can affect the amount of the provisions, and consequently create the level of costs in the entity. In order to find the answer the financial statements of 148 stock-exchange-quoted companies from 2007 to 2014 (1184 financial statements in total) were analysed, determining whether the changes in long-term provisions for retirement benefits provisions (due to the use of a different discount) have a significant impact on the financial statements of these companies. The research involved the use of deductive-inductive research methods in the form of literature review and analysis of the content of financial statements. The obtained results indicate that the estimation of the discount rate significantly affects the levels of costs related to creating provisions, which may be an effective tool for manipulating the financial result.

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2. Financial Auditing and the Increased Risk of Fraud During the COVID-19 Pandemic
   

   Author: Agnieszka Lew

   See Issue Contents: fins.2022.2

   Abstract:

   The article discusses the issues related to the increased risk of fraud in business units during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article was to point out the impact of the pandemic on areas that may be exposed to the embellishment of the presented financial data, as well as to show the increased risk during the audit of the financial statement, which must be taken into account by the statutory auditor when performing the financial audit. Possible solutions were identified, also recommended by the Polish regulator, that may help to sensitise the financial and accounting services to the emergence of fraud in enterprises, and in which areas increased caution should be exercised in the analysis of the presented financial data. It was also pointed out how important a role auditors have in building public trust as ethical leaders. The research methods used in the article were a review of source documents and materials issued by international organizations.

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3. Cost analysis in the audit of selected companies in Poland
   

   Author: Anna Mazurczak-Mąka, Monika Turek-Radwan

   See Issue Contents: fins.2019.1

   Abstract:

   The aim of the article is to present the issues related to the work of auditors in the area of cost analysis as an element of the financial statement in an enterprise. Empirical studies were conducted on the basis of the financial statements published by selected companies listed on the NewConnect market in 2017, as well as the audit reports issued for those companies. The partial goals include the assessment of the percentage of certain types of opinions issued by independent auditors reviewing the financial statements of selected companies listed, as well as the identification of the areas regarding costs of activities, which are most often described in the explanations or qualified opinions in the research sample under analysis. The undertaken research are preliminary and in the future should be carried out on a larger research sample divided into industry sectors.

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4. An evaluation of the discriminatory power of selected Polish bankruptcy prediction models as part of the validation process
   

   Author: Natalia Nehrebecka

   See Issue Contents: fins.2018.4

   Abstract:

   The purposes of this article are to present validation techniques according to their discriminatory power, while indicating the reservations about such techniques, and to check the adjustment of the existing Polish bankruptcy prediction models in the context of their discriminatory power. This is the first study that performs a validation of such models. Based on the analysis, it was found that the fifth model developed by Hadasik was characterised by a very high discriminatory power. The decision was made to base the evaluation of the discriminatory power of the modules on the Gini index, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, the H measure, the information value (IV), and the precision of the estimates of bankruptcy

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5. The impact of accounting and tax law concerning borrowing costs on the assessment of the financial leverage effect
   

   Author: Piotr Prewysz-Kwinto

   See Issue Contents: fins.2018.2

   Abstract:

   The aim of this paper is to present the impact of accounting and tax law concerning borrowing costs on the assessment of financial leverage effect. Due to the fact that these legal regulations require, in some cases, the recognition of borrowing costs not in the profit and loss account but in the value of assets, previously used methods for the identification of financial leverage effect do not always allow to draw the correct conclusions. Therefore, the paper proposes the necessary modification

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6. The use of operational cash flow in the estimation of accrual-based earnings management
   

   Author: Michał Comporek

   See Issue Contents: fins.2019.2

   Abstract:

   One of the most important analytical spheres enabling the diagnostic estimation of intentional changes in a company’s financial result is the area of accrual adjustments of net profit, separated in the cash flow statement prepared using the indirect method. The special cognitive value of accrual differences can be seen when the structure of total accruals is separated by those adjustments that are not directly related to the real activity of the enterprise, and are the result of subjective accounting choices. The main objective of the article is to present the selected econometric models used for examining accrual-based earnings management phenomenon in Poland. The analysis includes following regression models, namely: the Jones model, the Kasznik model, the Dechow-Dichev model and the McNichols model. The empirical studies were conducted among listed companies qualified for the Warsaw Stock Exchange indices: WIG-20 and mWIG-40, whose shares were traded for at least ten years in 1998-2017

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