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Controlling the tax burden of the enterprise in the reality of Ukrainian legislation

Author: Ihor Alyeksyeyev, Stepan Paranchuk, Oksana Chervinska

See Issue Contents: fins.2018.1
Abstract:
The essence of the “tax burden” is revealed in the paper. The formulas for the determination of an integral and particular tax burden for businesses, who pay taxes on the common system of taxation, are offered. Some measures of optimization of the tax burden in order to stimulate entrepreneurial activity of domestic enterprises, including local and macroeconomic optimization measures, are proposed. The tax burden on enterprise in the form of tax rates in other countries is also presented
Adapting international experience to the Deposit Guarantee System in Ukraine

Author: Ihor Alyeksyeyev, Andriana Mazur

See Issue Contents: fins.2018.1
Abstract:
The research objective of the article is the substantiation of methodological and applied recommendations for improving deposit guarantee system in Ukraine in view of the international experience. The study object is the deposit guarantee system management in the framework of reforming the Ukrainian legislation aimed at establishing a mechanism of deposits guaranteeing. During the research there were used such methods as: dialectical method and methods of analysis and synthesis – to study the features of deposit guarantee systems of developed countries, the characteristics of mechanism for returning deposits and international law peculiarities; statistical method – to analyze the indicators of banking system in Ukraine and credit unions (CU), for empirical determining CU to banks indicator ratio as well; structural and logical analysis – to develop theoretical and methodological principles of forming effective deposits guaranteeing mechanism in Ukraine. The need to ensure the system of deposits guaranteeing not only to individuals but also to individual-private entrepreneurs and legal entities was established. This will facilitate the development of small and medium businesses in the country. There were analyzed peculiarities of credit unions activity in Ukraine in the context of reforming the banking system. The possibility of including the credit unions to the deposit guarantee system of Ukraine by the example of the EU countries and the world was substantiated. There were characterized necessary amendments to the national legislation in the field of deposit guaranteeing and the effective mechanisms for their implementation were proposed
R&D expenditure and the role of scientists

Author: Anna Białek-Jaworska, Justyna Dobroszek

See Issue Contents: fins.2019.2
Abstract:
An effective knowledge-based economy requires regular cooperation between science and business. This is possible thanks to enterprises that create and implement innovations The paper focuses on the recognition of R&D expenditure. This aims to verify if firms with a scientist on their board are more likely to invest in the R&D. We conduct a tobit panel analysis of over 18,000 Polish private firms combined with data on patents and scientists employed at universities. The findings show that firms with scientists on the supervisory board are likely to invest more in R&D. However, these investment in R&D of firms with a scientist on the board are financial constraint. Their growth depends on access to finance. Therefore, institutions in Poland should support and promote cooperation between science and business, aiming for the realization of the implementation research. This approach requires updated regulations in the accounting area relating to the recognition of R&D inputs and outcomes.
Performance metrics in public venture capital funds

Author: Marcin Bielicki

See Issue Contents: fins.2021.2
Abstract:
Public venture capital funds are a unique type of financial intermediary. They pursue the goals, often conflicting, of public and private investors. This makes measuring their effectiveness a complex research challenge. This study aims to analyse the performance measurement methods used in public venture capital funds in Poland. For this purpose, in-depth interviews and a survey among managers of these entities were conducted. The study results show that the most significant emphasis is placed on financial efficiency, while non-financial determinants are mostly ignored. Considering the short history and lack of experience of many managers of public venture capital funds, this may further delay the process of development of this market.
Benefits and inconveniences of the practical implementation of Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Author: Michał Biernacki

See Issue Contents: fins.2018.3
Abstract:
Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) combines life cycle analysis and cost systems applied by managers in order to assess the limitations of environmental production systems. It enables the evaluation of progress in implementing sustainable development by determining the social costs of resource consumption and environmental degradation. This study presents the results of empirical research covering production enterprises with foreign equity participation operating in Poland which have the basic ELCC model in place. The research is aimed to identify the benefits and inconveniences arising from the practical application of the model as a significant factor determining its functioning in entities. The research methodology was supplemented by numerous literature items, analysis of survey questionnaires, as well as deduction and induction methods
The Customer as an Accounting Entity

Author: Magdalena Bochenek

See Issue Contents: fins.2022.1
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to present the customer as an accounting entity. The article presents the growing role of the customer in enterprise management. Businesses are increasingly customer-oriented. This also results in a customer orientation of management accounting methods. Management accounting methods can be used to measure customer costs and customer value. The results of research on customer orientation of enterprises are presented. The research was conducted among enterprises based in the Podkarpackie Province with more than 49 employees. The results of the research confirmed that the employees of the enterprises consider the customer to be important for them. Respondents identified customers as the people thanks to whom they generate the most revenue. In contrast, a relatively small number of respondents identified customers as the people through whom the enterprise incurs costs and achieves economic success. Most entrepreneurs perceive customers only from the revenue side. The research methods used in the article are a critical analysis of the literature and a quantitative method, which consisted of direct research using the questionnaire technique.
The dividend policy of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

Author: Justyna Bogołębska

See Issue Contents: fins.2019.2
Abstract:
Dividend policy is created and formulated by companies. For this reason, the focus of the analysis is on the message conveyed by the information on the dividend payout, the relationship between the dividend and financial indicators, the continuity of the payout and the amount of the dividend itself. Decisions on the dividend payment include two basic issues: what portion of profits should be paid out over a certain period of time and whether the company should maintain a steady and stable growth rate. If a steady and stable growth rate is maintained, then the level of earnings will increase from year to year. This phenomenon is confirmed by the growing number of companies paying dividends. The purpose of the article is to indicate significant differences in stock prices before the dividend payment and after the dividend payment, and to indicate significant differences in stock prices before the announcement of the dividend right and after the announcement of the dividend right
Financial strategy and the process of the internationalization of enterprises

Author: Justyna Bogołębska, Jerzy Różański

See Issue Contents: fins.2020.4
Abstract:
The article presents preliminary research on the financial strategy of enterprises in the process of internationalization. Using the survey as a research method, 25 enterprises that export their products outside Poland were examined. The main hypothesis is that the economic crisis caused by the pandemic will not lead to a change in the significance of factors influencing the enterprises’ financial strategy, and in particular to the change in the relationship between internationalization and an enterprise’s financial strategy
Performance changes around banks mergers and acquisitions: evidence from Poland

Author: Katarzyna Budny, Joanna Krasodomska, Katarzyna Świetla

See Issue Contents: fins.2019.2
Abstract:
This study investigates the influence of M&Aon the performance of banks operating in Poland. We use asample of 14 transactions that occurred in the Polish banking sector from 2001 to 2015. Our data set includes pre and post-merger accounting information covering aperiod of two years before and after the merger. We follow Pilloff’s [1996] approach to determine the average performance changes measured with ROAA and ROAE. According to the research results, M&As transactions seem to affect profitability as both ROAA and ROAE means change. However, these changes do not follow the same trend. The correlations between the acquirer’s pre-merger weighted performance measured with ROAA and ROAE and merger-related changes in performance are significant and negative. The same situation is observed as regards the target pre-merger weighted performance measured with ROAE and merger-related changes in performance. The results also suggest that large acquirers are associated with less successful M&A.
The relationship between reserves and accruals – with reference to the issue of earnings management in public companies

Author: Michał Comporek

See Issue Contents: fins.2018.3
Abstract:
The main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the implemented reserves policy and the value of accruals reported in the financial statements of public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Both research fields are considered as the main areas of earnings management, which can be seen both as the pursuance of a true and fair view of the economic situation of a business entity and as the intentional manipulation of the results of an economic activity in order to mislead selected stakeholders of company. Empirical studies were conducted among public companies included in the WIG20, mWIG40 and sWIG80 stock indices, whose shares have been traded on the stock market for at least 10 years in the assumed horizon of 1997-2016

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